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Federal Aid Updates – One Big Beautiful Bill Act

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act made significant changes to rules regarding federal financial aid programs. These changes go into effect for the 2026-27 school year.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) introduces significant changes to federal student aid programs, and while some provisions are clear, many others require further clarification from the U.S. Department of Education.

These changes go into effect for the 2026-27 school year.

As we receive more guidance and official updates, we'll update this page to reflect the most accurate information available. You can also view studentaid.gov for the most up-to-date information about the financial aid changes in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

Pell Grant Eligibility

  • If your Cost of Attendance (COA) is fully covered by non-federal aid (like scholarships or employee tuition benefits), you will not receive a Pell Grant, even if your FAFSA indicates that you're eligible.
    • For example, if your COA is $23,468, and you receive scholarships for that amount or higher, you will not receive a Pell Grant.
  • Pell Grants and high Student Aid Index (SAI)
    • Students with an SAI greater than twice the maximum Pell Grant amount will be ineligible for any Pell Grant.
    • For example: The maximum Pell Grant is $7,395, so if your SAI is over $14,790, you will not qualify for a Pell Grant.

Loan Adjustments for Less Than Full-Time

Schedule of Reduction (SOR):

Beginning the 2026-27 school year, your yearly (or annual) federal student loan eligibility is based on your enrollment over the academic year, not just your enrollment each semester. If you enroll less than full-time for the school year, your annual maximum loan eligibility will be reduced under the new SOR rules.

For most students, the academic year includes fall and winter semesters for the calculation. For 2nd year EMBA students, the academic year includes fall, winter, and spring term.

Your loan eligibility is calculated each semester at the time your loans are disbursed.

Who Is Affected?

  • All Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, and Graduate PLUS Loan borrowers, including students with legacy borrower status.
  • Parent PLUS Loans are not subject to SOR.

NOTE: You must still be enrolled at least half-time (6 credits undergrad, 4.5 credits grad or full-time flag) to receive any federal student loans. If you withdraw from classes, your eligibility will be recalculated.

Previous Rules

Before 2026-27, your eligibility for loans was only limited by subsidized/unsubsidized annual loan limits, half-time enrollment, and your Cost of Attendance (COA).

New Rule

To receive your full annual loan eligibility, you must be full-time for the school year:

  • Undergraduate: 24 credits (fall + winter)
  • Graduate/Professional: 17 credits (fall + winter), or have the graduate full-time flag
  • Second-year EMBA: 25.5 credits (fall + winter + spring)

How SOR Is Calculated

Your annual loan limit is multiplied by the percentage of full-time credits you're scheduled to complete:
Enrolled credits ÷ Full-time credits = Percentage of annual loan eligibility

Example
A dependent junior is eligible to borrow up to $7,500 for the academic year.

  • 24 credits (12 fall + 12 winter): Eligible for the full $7,500
  • 21 credits (9 fall + 12 winter): 21 ÷ 24 = 88%, so annual eligibility is reduced to $6,600 (88% of $7,500).
  • 24 credits (9 fall + 15 winter): Eligible for the full $7,500 because the student is scheduled to complete full-time enrollment for the academic year.

When the Adjustment Happens

  • Before your fall loan disburses: The reduced amount is applied to your fall disbursement, with the remaining eligibility available for winter.
  • After your fall loan disburses: Your fall loan is not reduced. Instead, any adjustment is applied to your winter disbursement, helping avoid a balance due from a returned loan.
Graduate/Professional Unsubsidized Loan Borrowing Limits
Graduate PLUS Loans
Parent PLUS Loans
Legacy Borrowers

New federal annual and aggregate loan limits apply to:

  • New graduate and professional students
  • Current students who didn't borrow federal loans prior to July 1, 2026.

Professional programs at BYU:

  • Law
  • Medical School (beginning 2027-28 school year)
Legacy Provision

Students who borrowed unsubsidized loans before July 1, 2026, and remain continuously enrolled in the same academic program may continue borrowing under the previous loan limits for up to 3 years or the expected time to complete their program, whichever is less.

Enrollment Breaks

Breaks in enrollment (such as not attending or dropping/withdrawing from a semester) during fall or winter semester will cause you to be subject to the new limits.

  • 2nd year EMBA students: Breaks in enrollment also include not attending or dropping/withdrawing from spring term.
Prior to July 1, 2026
Graduate Students (Beginning July 1, 2026)
Professional Students (Beginning July 1, 2026)
Annual Limits$20,500$20,500$50,000
Aggregate Limits$138,500 (includes undergrad borrowing)$100,000 (graduate borrowing only)$200,000 (graduate/professional borrowing only)
Lifetime Cap$138,500 (includes undergrad borrowing). No limit on Grad PLUS$257,500 *$257,500 *
*The $257,500 lifetime cap includes all federal student loans (including undergraduate loans and Grad PLUS Loans), even if they've been repaid, forgiven, canceled, or discharged. Parent PLUS Loans borrowed by a parent on the student's behalf are not included in this limit.

The Graduate PLUS Loan program will be eliminated for new borrowers beginning July 1, 2026.

Legacy Provision

Students who received Direct Unsubsidized Loans or Grad PLUS Loans disbursed before July 1, 2026, and remain continuously enrolled in the same academic program may continue borrowing Grad PLUS Loans for up to 3 years or the expected time remaining to complete their program, whichever is less.

Enrollment Breaks

A break in enrollment (such as not attending or dropping/withdrawing during fall or winter semester) will make you subject to the new rules.

NOTE: Not attending spring and summer is only considered a break in enrollment for 2nd year EMBA students.

Example

A law student who borrowed a Direct Unsubsidized Loan before July 1, 2026, and is expected to graduate in 2026-27 may continue borrowing Graduate PLUS Loans through that academic year. If the student extends their program beyond the expected graduation date, they will no longer be eligible for Graduate PLUS Loans.

Legacy Grad PLUS Borrowers

  • Annual Loan Limit: Up to the Cost of Attendance minus other financial aid.
  • Aggregate Loan Limit: No limit
  • Eligibility: Half-time enrollment, Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP), and a credit check completed at studentaid.gov.
Before July 1, 2026
Beginning July 1, 2026
Grad PLUS Loans available up to the Cost of Attendance minus other aidProgram eliminated for new graduate student borrowers
Aggregate Limit: NoneLegacy borrowers may continue borrowing for up to 3 years or the expected time remaining to complete their program, whichever is less
Eligibility is based on half-time enrollment and an approved credit checkEligibility requirements remain the same for legacy borrowers

New Parent PLUS Loan limits apply to:

  • New dependent undergraduate students
  • Current students who didn't receive a Federal Direct Loan or whose parents didn't borrow a Parent PLUS Loan before July 1, 2026.
Legacy Provision

If a student received a Direct Subsidized and/or Unsubsidized Loan, or a parent borrowed a Parent PLUS Loan before July 1, 2026, and the student remains continuously enrolled in the same academic program, the parent may continue borrowing under the previous rules for up to 3 years or the expected time remaining to complete the program, whichever is less.

Enrollment Breaks

Breaks in enrollment (such as not attending for a semester or dropping/withdrawing from a semester) during fall or winter semester will subject you to the new limits.

Example

A parent borrowed a Parent PLUS Loan in 2025–26 for a student expected to graduate in Winter 2027. Because the student remained continuously enrolled, the parent may continue borrowing under the previous rules through 2026–27. If the student extends their program, the new Parent PLUS Loan limits will apply.

Legacy Parent PLUS Borrowers

  • Annual Loan Limit: Parents of students eligible for the legacy provision can continue to borrow Parent PLUS Loans up to the Cost of Attendance minus other aid (i.e. grants, scholarships, other loans).
  • Aggregate Loan Limit: No limit
  • Eligibility for Loans: Continues to be based on half-time student enrollment, maintaining Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP), and credit check on application at studentaid.gov.
Before July 1, 2026
Beginning July 1, 2026
Annual Limit: Based on Cost of Attendance minus other aid (scholarships, Pell, other loans)Annual Limit: $20,000 per student (combined with all parent borrowers)
Aggregate Limit: NoneAggregate Limit: $65,000 per student
Eligibility is based on student's half-time enrollment and parent's approved credit checkEligibility requirements remain the same

Students who received Direct Subsidized, Unsubsidized, Parent PLUS, or Grad PLUS Loans disbursed before July 1, 2026, and remain continuously enrolled in the same academic program, may continue borrowing loans for up to 3 years or the expected time to complete their program, whichever is less.

Your remaining eligibility is based on your program’s standard (or published) full-time length to completion, not how long it actually takes you to graduate. You may receive loans under the old rules, only for the published time remaining to complete your degree, provided you continue to meet all eligibility requirements.

Enrollment Breaks

A break in enrollment (such as not attending or dropping/withdrawing during fall or winter semester) will make you subject to the new rules.

NOTE: Not attending spring and summer is only considered a break in enrollment for 2nd year EMBA students.

Example 1

A dependent undergrad began a bachelor’s degree in fall 2025. His mom borrowed a Parent PLUS Loan for 2025-26. He left on his mission in June 2026 and will return to BYU in fall 2028. Although he’s returning to the same program (bachelor’s degree, the break in enrollment means he does not qualify for legacy status. He'll be subject to the new OBBBA rules when he returns.

Example 2

A law student began a 3-year program in fall 2024 and is expected to graduate in winter 2028. She received a Direct Unsubsidized Loan in 2025-26 and has remained continuously enrolled. She qualifies for legacy status and may continue borrowing Direct Unsubsidized and Graduate PLUS Loans under the previous rules.

FAFSA Changes
Loan Repayment Changes

Family farms and family-owned small businesses will no longer count as assets on the FAFSA:

  • Family farms: Farms that the family lives on
  • Small business: 100 or fewer full-time (or full-time equivalent) employees
  • Family-owned commercial fisheries: Exempt from being counted as assets
Foreign Income Reporting

Foreign income was previously included in the calculation for Pell Grant eligibility at the discretion of financial aid offices. Now it's automatically included.

Borrowers in repayment have different repayment plan options after July 1, 2026.

Current Repayment Plan Options

Fixed-Term Plans
Income-Driven Plans (IDR)
  • Standard Repayment
  • Graduated Repayment
  • Extended Repayment
  • Income Sensitive Repayment
  • Income-Based Repayment (IBR)
  • Pay As You Earn (PAYE)
  • Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE)
    • Replaced Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE)
  • Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)
Changes effective July 1, 2026
New Standard Repayment Plan (SRP)
New Income-Based Repayment Plan (RAP)
  • Four Fixed-Terms
    • 10 years: balances <$25,000
    • 15 years: balances between $25,000-$49,999
    • 20 years: balances between $50,000-$99,999
    • 25 years: balances $100,000+
  • Only 10-year plans qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).
    • NOTE: PSLF requires at least 10 years of repayment.
  • Monthly payment is one to ten percent of income based on the borrower's Adjusted Gross Income
  • Reductions made to the base payment for each dependent
  • $10 minimum monthly payment and no cap on monthly payment amount
  • 30-year repayment period
  • Eliminates negative amortization
Student borrowers who don't select a plan will be placed into the new Standard Plan.

For more information about your repayment plan, log in to studentaid.gov to find and contact your loan servicer.

Current Borrowers

  • IBR borrowers may remain in their plan.
  • All other non-Parent PLUS IDR borrowers must choose a new plan by July 1, 2028, or be moved to RAP.
  • Parent PLUS Loan borrowers will be moved to the new Standard Plan after July 1, 2028, unless they consolidate and enroll in an IDR before July 1, 2026. Doing so means they can remain in IBR for the duration of the repayment period.

FAQs - Loan Adjustments for Less Than Full-Time

  • Usually no. Spring/summer enrollment does not affect fall or winter Direct Loan eligibility because those terms are not part of the regular academic year. The only exception is if you are a 2nd-year EMBA student. Your loan eligibility may be reduced if you aren't enrolled full-time.

  • If you aren’t enrolled full-time when your loan is disbursed, your loan will be reduced based on your enrollment.

  • If you drop below full-time after your fall loan is disbursed, your loan eligibility may be reduced. However, if your combined fall and winter credits equal full-time for the academic year (24 undergraduate credits, 17 graduate credits, or grad full-time flag in both semesters) you may still qualify for your full annual limit.

FAQs - Graduate/Professional School Unsubsidized Loan Limit

  • No. Continuing students remain subject to the loan limits in effect before July 1, 2026, unless they lose continuing-student status by withdrawing from a semester or not enrolling in a fall or winter semester (or spring/summer for 2nd-year EMBA).

  • No. The federal government determines which programs qualify as professional. BYU cannot change or override those designations.

FAQs - Graduate PLUS Loan

  • Yes, if you:

    • Started your program before July 1, 2026,
    • Received an unsubsidized loan and/or Graduate PLUS Loan before July 1, 2026,
    • Have been continuously enrolled,
    • Continue to meet other eligibility requirements, including maintaining Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP), passing the credit check, and enrolling at least half-time.
  • No. Since you are beginning a new graduate program after July 1, 2026, you are not eligible for a Graduate PLUS Loan.

  • Your remaining eligibility is based on your program’s standard (or published) full-time length to completion, not how long it actually takes you to graduate. You may receive Graduate PLUS Loans only for the standard time remaining to complete your degree, provided you continue to meet all eligibility requirements.

    Example 1
    • Published program length: 2 years
    • You complete Year 1 in 2025-26 and return for Year 2 in 2026-27
    • Remaining eligibility: 1 year
    Example 2
    • Published program length: 2 years
    • You complete Year 2 in 2025-26 but need a third year to finish
    • Remaining eligibility: 0 years
    • Because your published program length has been reached, you're not eligible for additional Graduate PLUS Loans for your final year.
  • Yes. If you qualify for a legacy Graduate PLUS Loan but enroll less than full-time (fewer than 8.5 credits or without a graduate full-time flag), your loan will be calculated based on full-time eligibility and then reduced according to your actual enrollment under the Schedule of Reduction (SOR) rules.

FAQs - Parent PLUS Loan

  • Maybe. Students enrolled less than full-time will have a lower Cost of Attendance (COA) than students who are enrolled full-time. A reduced COA may affect your Parent PLUS Loan.

    However, Parent PLUS Loans are not subject to the new SOR rules that require Direct Loans because of less than full-time enrollment.

  • No. The new annual ($20,000) and lifetime ($65,000) Parent PLUS Loan limits apply per student, not per parent. Together, your parent(s) can borrow up to those limits for you.

  • The new Parent PLUS Loan limits apply to each student individually. Each of you is eligible for up to $20,000 per year and $65,000 total.

FAQs - Legacy Borrower

  • No. The new SOR rules apply to all Federal Direct Loan borrowers, including students with legacy status.

    However, Parent PLUS Loans are not reduced if the student is enrolled less than full-time because they're borrowed by the parent.

  • No. You'll keep your legacy status as long as you remain an undergraduate and don't withdraw or miss a fall or winter semester.

  • If you fully withdraw from a fall or winter, you'll lose your legacy status and become subject to the new loan rules. However, withdrawing from or not attending spring/summer doesn't affect your legacy status unless you are a 2nd-year EMBA student.

  • A “year” refers to an academic year (fall and winter semesters), not a calendar year.

  • No. To qualify for legacy status, you must be enrolled at the same school and in the same degree program as you were before July 1, 2026. For undergraduates, this means remaining in your undergraduate program at the same school. For graduate students, it means continuing in the same graduate degree program (master’s degree, law, or PhD) and field of study.

    Examples

    • Transfer student: You transfer to BYU after July 1, 2026, from another university, even in the same major. You aren't a legacy borrower.
    • Continuing BYU undergraduate: You were enrolled at BYU before July 1, 2026, remain in your undergraduate program, never dropped or withdrew from classes in fall or winter, and borrowed a Direct Loan. You're a legacy borrower.
    • New graduate program: You completed a master's program at BYU and begin a PhD program after July 1, 2026. Even if you previously borrowed Direct Loans, you aren't a legacy borrower because you started a new degree program.
  • Your remaining eligibility is based on your program’s standard (or published) full-time length to completion, not how long it actually takes you to graduate. Undergraduate programs at BYU have a published length of 4 years. Your remaining eligibility equals your program length minus the number of academic years you’ve attended, provided you continue to meet all eligibility requirements.

    Example 1
    4-year bachelor’s degree program:
    • 2025-26: Year 1 Completed
    • 2026-27: Year 2
    • 2027-28: Year 3
    • 2028-29: Year 4 (graduate)

    Borrowed a subsidized loan for the 2025-26 year

    Remaining legacy eligibility: 3 years (2026-27, 2027-28, and 2028-29)

    Example 2
    4-year bachelor’s degree program:
    • 2024-25: Year 1
    • 2025-26: Year 2
    • 2026-27: Year 3
    • 2027-28: Year 4 (graduate)

    Parent borrowed $5,000 Parent PLUS Loan in the 2025-26 year

    Remaining legacy eligibility: 2 years (2026-27 and 2027-28)

    Example 3
    4-year bachelor’s degree program:
    • 2025-26: Completed Year 4
    • But need a fifth year to graduate

    Remaining legacy eligibility: 0 years

    Beginning in 2026–27, any additional Parent PLUS Loan eligibility is subject to the new lifetime borrowing limits.

  • No. Because you took a break in enrollment before returning, you don't qualify for legacy status. When you return in Fall 2026, you'll be subject to the new $20,000 annual limit and $65,000 lifetime limit.